NEW YORK ? The history of slavery in America is a history of resistance, rebellion. Yet, movies and TV do not always showcase those themes.
That's one reason why the rapper Common is excited about AMC's new series, "Hell on Wheels," a Western that chronicles the building of the transcontinental railroad.
Common plays mixed-raced former slave Elam Ferguson, who works on the rail system. Portraying a slave, he says, is a big deal, particularly because his character defies the stereotypes often seen in films and television.
"A lot of times we've seen slaves obviously going through so much pain and trouble, they were oppressed and downtrodden, so it was more of a lower position. (My character) has been through a lot of things, but is holding his head up high and his shoulders are up strong," says Common, who was born Lonnie Rashid Lynn Jr.
At first, Common says he wasn't interested in a TV role, but then his agent suggested he read the script for "Hell on Wheels." Common says it's the first time he has played a character so complex.
The Grammy-winning entertainer researched by reading about African slaves of the 19th century and visiting former plantations in South. He calls his journey "deep" and "heavy."
"I feel blessed that I'm able to represent what a black man, what a black person was at that time," he says, "but it definitely was some weight and some pain."
One experience in filming the show, though, was really difficult for Common: when white cast members used the N-word.
"Even if you try to think that they're acting, it still just doesn't feel right," he says. "You get that feeling like, `Man, this is not good.'"
The series, which airs Sundays at 10 p.m. ET, was filmed in Canada. It centers on Cullen Bohannon (Anson Mount), a former Confederate soldier and slaveholder who is avenging the death of his wife. Bonhannon set his slaves free a year before the Civil War. He takes a job overseeing the workers on the transcontinental railroad, which includes Elam Ferguson (Common).
Common, who appeared in "Smokin' Aces," "American Gangster" and "Terminator Salvation," and does a voice in "Happy Feet Two," says the show focuses on issues that still exist in today's world.
"Things that we try to hide and put under the table, things that we act like, `Oh no, that's not how I feel' ? some of that is still there from hundreds of years back. It's still in us and we've got to remove it," he says. "Along with it just being entertaining and being fresh ? it's an important show."
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Online:
http://www.amctv.com/shows/hell-on-wheels
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Mesfin Fekadu covers entertainment for The Associated Press. Follow him on Twitter at http://twitter.com/musicmesfin
Marketing and advertising Communications are ?all strategies, methods, and activities concerned in finding the preferred advertising and marketing messages to supposed goal markets, regardless of the media utilised? MarcommWise, 2006. Tony Yeshin 1999 defines marketing and advertising communications as ?the procedure by which a marketer develops and presents stimuli to a outlined target viewers with a function of eliciting a sought after set of responses? Yeshin, 1999. Marketing communications are: adverting, product sales promotions, personal selling, PR and direct and interactive marketing and advertising Fill, 1999. As a result Advertising Communications Plan is the advertising and marketing plan which promotional plan incorporates two or far more built-in marketing communications mediums aiming to reiterate the very same objectives and goals. Marketing and advertising Communications Plans are regarded as by several professionals as an superb way to effectively talk with target viewers. Marketing and advertising Communications Options are generally based mostly on two diverse frameworks: Advertising and marketing Communications Preparing Framework and SOSTAC Fill, 1999.
Advertising and marketing Communications Plans consist of the following important components:
Context examination
Promotional goals
Advertising and marketing communications strategy
Promotional combine methods and resources
Spending budget schedule
Evaluation and handle Fill, 1999.
When composing marketing and advertising communications plan it is critical to:
1.Set corporate, advertising and marketing and marketing communications targets, which would help and integrate with every single other.
2.Produce segmentation, concentrating on and positioning strategies
three.Develop inventive message with which Marketing and advertising Communications Program with communicate with target viewers
4.Choose and justify one particular or combination of advertising techniques push, pull or profile
5.Create properly-rounded and creative set of promotional mediums and allocate proper price range for every medium.
six.Develop contingency organizing method in situation some thing goes improper
seven.Set rigid set of analysis and control mediums which would consist of milestones and constant evaluation
References
Fill C 1999 Marketing Communications, 2nd Edition, Prentice Corridor Europe Yeshin T, 1999 Integrated Advertising Communications, The chartered institute of advertising, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford http://www.marcommwise.com/glossary.phtml?a=m&s=
Remember to discover beneath links to superb Advertising and marketing Communications Plans:
Do/M/315. Integrated Marketing COMMUNICATIONS Strategy FOR ROYAL CARIBBEAN CRUISES LTD
S/M/162. Advertising and marketing communication method: Philips SatinIce United kingdom, and existing advertising communications approach analysis
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S/M/158. Marketing and advertising Communication Program for British Airways
E/M/14. Advertising Communications Program for Pizza Hut
Do/M/180. World wide web music search motor Promotion Campaign
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S/M/77. Undertaking Conduite for Advertising and marketing Communications Marketing campaign
P/M/289. Advertising and marketing Communications Method for ROYAL DUTCH/ SHELL
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C/M/117. Advertising and marketing Communications Program for Hugo Boss
P/M/252. Advertising and marketing Communications Method for the Introduction of New Item: Smoothie
P/M/139. Marketing Communications Strategy for Haagen-Dazs
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P/M/134. Analysis and advancement of Advertising and marketing Communications Strategy for Adidas US
The last time Dan Henderson was in the UFC, he scored a knockout to remember. After coaching "The Ultimate Fighter" against Michael Bisping, Henderson was matched up with the Brit at UFC 100. Bisping circled towards Henderson's power hand, and Hendo made him pay for it.
After going 3-1 and winning the light heavyweight belt in Strikeforce, he's back in the UFC. Will he be able to stiffen Mauricio "Shogun" Rua like he did Bisping? Tell us in the comments or on Facebook.
Welcome to?Just Show Me on Tecca TV, where we show you tips and tricks for getting the most out of the?gadgets in your life. In today's episode we'll show you how to unzip a file in Windows 7.
Zip files are an easy way to send compressed files over the internet, particularly via email, where you want as small a file as possible (so things download quickly). When you get a zip file, all you need to do is open it up with Windows 7 and it'll automatically let you access its contents. We'll walk you through the steps in our video.
If you'd like to create a zip file to send over email, check out our video tutorial on how to do just that!
For more episodes of Just Show Me, subscribe to Tecca TV's YouTube channel and check out all our Just Show Me episodes. If you have any topics you'd like to see us cover, just drop us a line in the comments.
Separating signal and noise in climate warmingPublic release date: 17-Nov-2011 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Anne Stark stark8@llnl.gov 925-422-9799 DOE/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
LIVERMORE, Calif. -- In order to separate human-caused global warming from the "noise" of purely natural climate fluctuations, temperature records must be at least 17 years long, according to climate scientists.
To address criticism of the reliability of thermometer records of surface warming, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientists analyzed satellite measurements of the temperature of the lower troposphere (the region of the atmosphere from the surface to roughly five miles above) and saw a clear signal of human-induced warming of the planet.
Satellite measurements of atmospheric temperature are made with microwave radiometers, and are completely independent of surface thermometer measurements. The satellite data indicate that the lower troposphere has warmed by roughly 0.9 degrees Fahrenheit since the beginning of satellite temperature records in 1979. This increase is entirely consistent with the warming of Earth's surface estimated from thermometer records.
Recently, a number of global warming critics have focused attention on the behavior of Earth's temperature since 1998. They have argued that there has been little or no warming over the last 10 to 12 years, and that computer models of the climate system are not capable of simulating such short "hiatus periods" when models are run with human-caused changes in greenhouse gases.
"Looking at a single, noisy 10-year period is cherry picking, and does not provide reliable information about the presence or absence of human effects on climate said Benjamin Santer, a climate scientist and lead author on an article in the Nov. 17 online edition of the Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres).
Many scientific studies have identified a human "fingerprint" in observations of surface and lower tropospheric temperature changes. These detection and attribution studies look at long, multi-decade observational temperature records. Shorter periods generally have small signal to noise ratios, making it difficult to identify an anthropogenic signal with high statistical confidence, Santer said.
"In fingerprinting, we analyze longer, multi-decadal temperature records, and we beat down the large year-to-year temperature variability caused by purely natural phenomena (like El Nios and La Nias). This makes it easier to identify a slowly-emerging signal arising from gradual, human-caused changes in atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases," Santer said.
The LLNL-led research shows that climate models can and do simulate short, 10- to 12-year "hiatus periods" with minimal warming, even when the models are run with historical increases in greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosol particles. They find that tropospheric temperature records must be at least 17 years long to discriminate between internal climate noise and the signal of human-caused changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere.
"One individual short-term trend doesn't tell you much about long-term climate change," Santer said. "A single decade of observational temperature data is inadequate for identifying a slowly evolving human-caused warming signal. In both the satellite observations and in computer models, short, 10-year tropospheric temperature trends are strongly influenced by the large noise of year-to-year climate variability."
###
The research team is made up of Santer and Livermore colleagues Charles Doutriaux, Peter Caldwell, Peter Gleckler, Detelina Ivanova, and Karl Taylor, and includes collaborators from Remote Sensing Systems, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the University of Colorado, the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.K. Meteorology Office Hadley Centre, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Founded in 1952, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (http://www.llnl.gov) provides solutions to our nation's most important national security challenges through innovative science, engineering and technology. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is managed by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration.
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Separating signal and noise in climate warmingPublic release date: 17-Nov-2011 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Anne Stark stark8@llnl.gov 925-422-9799 DOE/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
LIVERMORE, Calif. -- In order to separate human-caused global warming from the "noise" of purely natural climate fluctuations, temperature records must be at least 17 years long, according to climate scientists.
To address criticism of the reliability of thermometer records of surface warming, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientists analyzed satellite measurements of the temperature of the lower troposphere (the region of the atmosphere from the surface to roughly five miles above) and saw a clear signal of human-induced warming of the planet.
Satellite measurements of atmospheric temperature are made with microwave radiometers, and are completely independent of surface thermometer measurements. The satellite data indicate that the lower troposphere has warmed by roughly 0.9 degrees Fahrenheit since the beginning of satellite temperature records in 1979. This increase is entirely consistent with the warming of Earth's surface estimated from thermometer records.
Recently, a number of global warming critics have focused attention on the behavior of Earth's temperature since 1998. They have argued that there has been little or no warming over the last 10 to 12 years, and that computer models of the climate system are not capable of simulating such short "hiatus periods" when models are run with human-caused changes in greenhouse gases.
"Looking at a single, noisy 10-year period is cherry picking, and does not provide reliable information about the presence or absence of human effects on climate said Benjamin Santer, a climate scientist and lead author on an article in the Nov. 17 online edition of the Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres).
Many scientific studies have identified a human "fingerprint" in observations of surface and lower tropospheric temperature changes. These detection and attribution studies look at long, multi-decade observational temperature records. Shorter periods generally have small signal to noise ratios, making it difficult to identify an anthropogenic signal with high statistical confidence, Santer said.
"In fingerprinting, we analyze longer, multi-decadal temperature records, and we beat down the large year-to-year temperature variability caused by purely natural phenomena (like El Nios and La Nias). This makes it easier to identify a slowly-emerging signal arising from gradual, human-caused changes in atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases," Santer said.
The LLNL-led research shows that climate models can and do simulate short, 10- to 12-year "hiatus periods" with minimal warming, even when the models are run with historical increases in greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosol particles. They find that tropospheric temperature records must be at least 17 years long to discriminate between internal climate noise and the signal of human-caused changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere.
"One individual short-term trend doesn't tell you much about long-term climate change," Santer said. "A single decade of observational temperature data is inadequate for identifying a slowly evolving human-caused warming signal. In both the satellite observations and in computer models, short, 10-year tropospheric temperature trends are strongly influenced by the large noise of year-to-year climate variability."
###
The research team is made up of Santer and Livermore colleagues Charles Doutriaux, Peter Caldwell, Peter Gleckler, Detelina Ivanova, and Karl Taylor, and includes collaborators from Remote Sensing Systems, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the University of Colorado, the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.K. Meteorology Office Hadley Centre, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Founded in 1952, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (http://www.llnl.gov) provides solutions to our nation's most important national security challenges through innovative science, engineering and technology. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is managed by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration.
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?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Tiny subconscious eye movements called microsaccades stave off blindness in all of us?and can even betray our hidden desires
By Susana Martinez-Conde and Stephen L. Macknik
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November 17, 2011?|
Image: Gandee Vasan/Getty Images
In Brief
Even when you think your eyes are staring, fixed in space, they are actually on the go. Their miniature motions prevent you from being blind to most of what is out there.
Tiny ?fixational? eye movements also support our ability to search a visual scene, in concert with the bigger shifts of our eyes of which we are often consciously aware.
Minute flicks of the eyes called microsaccades can reveal objects that attract our attention.
Look up from this page and scan the scene in front of you. Your eyes dart around, bringing different objects into view. As you read this article, your eyes jump to bring every word into focus. You can become aware of, and even control, these large movements of the eyes, which scientists call saccades. But even when your eyes are apparently fixed on something?say, on a tree, face or word?they are moving imperceptibly, underneath your awareness. And recent research shows that these minute, subconscious eye movements are essential for seeing.
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Public release date: 17-Nov-2011
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